Examining our data in this context suggests that IRAK-1 and TRAF6 ubiquitination may be redundant, or that recruitment of TAK1 via TAB2/3 ubiquitin-binding may be mediated through ubiquitination of IRAK-1 (and/or one of the alternative TRAF6 targets listed above) rather than TRAF6.
In our study, however, a significant decrease in the P-MDM2 signal was observed in MCF-7 cells with ectopic expression of the PTEN ATP-binding mutants, suggesting that the downregulation of p53 in the ATP-binding mutants may be mediated via a phosphatase-independent and MDM2-independent manner.
Whereas binding in human plasma probably involves anti-Ad5 antibodies, binding in murine plasma may be mediated by low-affinity "natural" IgMs recognizing Ad5.
Other interactions contributing to the binding affinity of 30 may be mediated by the AF488 moiety itself.
Since NIPA1 is strongly hydrophobic and has at least seven transmembrane regions, we speculate that the binding between BMPRII and NIPA1 may be mediated via a transmembrane interaction.
These observations suggest that the D2 domain has a negative influence on the binding of DNA-PK with VCP, which may be mediated by multiple mechanisms, including mutually exclusive binding or conformational changes.
The direct effect of vitamin D may be mediated by binding of its circulating active form 1,25- OH 2D3 to the beta cell vitamin D receptor.
It was previously reported that GABARAP binds to microfilaments (actin) as well as microtubules (β-tubulin); the actin binding is not direct, and it may be mediated by yet unknown proteins (Wang and Olsen, 2000).
The other two proteins lacking predicted transmembrane domains (LmjF28.1480, LmjF32.2160), also appear to be lacking putative lipidation sites, so their membrane attachment may be mediated by binding to another SNARE, as suggested for human SNARE SNAP-25 [ 21].
We omitted array probes from statistical analyses that contained common genetic variants that likely influence DNA binding (Methods), but DNA methylation levels may be mediated by genetic variants in proximity, that is, represent DNA methylation quantitative trait loci (met-QTLs).
