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However, the CysO binding loop of one of the K204A protomers is seen ordered and has the same conformation as the corresponding residues in CysK.
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Side chains of several residues (101 110) from the structural zinc binding loop of the catalytic domain of one subunit also interact with residues (260 262) of the coenzyme binding domain of the other subunit in a dimer.
A key feature of calcium binding C2 domains is the conservation of calcium binding loops clustered on one end of the sandwich which are composed of negatively charged (usually aspartate) groups responsible for the coordination of multiple calcium ions [ 15].
Thus, since ligands must have a dipole distance close to 5 Å, and both ends of the ligand are thought to interact with the receptor, we can assume that the agonist binding site lies at the cleft between the binding loops with a distance from one another of ∼5 Å.
As the name implies the Zn-binding loop contains the Zn binding site, one of the cysteines involved in intra-subunit disulfide bond formation, and a large number of residues that make contacts at the native dimer interface.
Prevalent clades maintained characteristic features of antigen recognition, though each evolved binding loops and disulfides that formed distinct recognition surfaces.
Three of the flexible loops on one side of the protein are surface-exposed and have proved to be a convenient interface for binding ligands of interest (Fig. 1A).
The FAD-binding pocket is framed by the phosphate-binding loop and the interface loop on opposite edges, whereas the secondary pocket is guarded by the serine loop on one side.
One edge of this pocket is composed of the carboxylate-binding loop, which is formed by residues Gly113-Ile114-Gly115-Ala116 and anChors terminusrminus of the captured substrate.
(B and C ) The interface loop and phosphate-binding loop are also sites of high structural plasticity.
The substrate binding surface lies on one face of the Kelch domain, where a shallow pocket is created by the long loops that connect β-strands D and A (DA loop) as well as β-strands B and C (BC loop).
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