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In contrast, roles of C-type lectins in signalling are continuing to emerge and description of the mechanisms by which glycan binding leads to initiation of signalling pathways remains an area of active investigation.
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The trigger undergoes a thermally-driven cycloreversion which ultimately leads to initiation of the depolymerization process.
This leads to initiation of TNFα-specific downstream signals.
Increased stimulation leads to initiation of sporadic cell death and associated macrophage infiltration.
In particular, a discontinuous boundary indicates areas of stress concentration, which lead to initiation of rupture.
Upon binding to double-stranded RNA or double-stranded DNA, OAS proteins and cGAS produce nucleotide second messengers to activate RNase L and STING (stimulator of interferon genes, gene symbol: TMEM173), respectively; this leads to the initiation of antiviral responses.
For example, studies published by Berten and Van Rossem show that knowledge about HIV leads to delayed sexual initiation, while sexual initiation leads to better knowledge about HIV.
After the recognition of the DNA damage the binding of a heterodimer of the MutS-homologs MLH1 and PMS2 (the hMutLα complex) leads to the further initiation of MMR.
The binding of ligands to the extracellular region of HER family induces receptor homo- or heterodimerisation and activation of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (TK), which in turn leads to autophosphorylation and initiation of downstream signalling pathways (Muthuswamy et al, 1999).
This erosion leads to the inevitable initiation of a genomic crisis.
Subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation on residues within the carboxyl terminal tail of the receptors enables the recruitment and activation of signaling effectors containing Src homology 2 (SH2) domain and phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain that will lead to the initiation of various signaling cascades [11] [13].
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