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From these spectroscopic investigations, the strength of anion binding has been determined.
Therefore, although binding has been determined for each of the protein partners, the functional significance of many of these interactions at normal expression levels requires further evaluation.
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Affinities of tomato cells for chitin binding have been determined with radiolabeling (Baureithel et al., JBC 1994), whereas we have used isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).
Binding occurs to the β/β' and σ subunits of RNA polymerase and the nucleotides involved in binding have been determined by footprinting and cross-linking studies [ 3, 5].
The influence of pH has been studied to fix the pH for metal retention and polymer regeneration experiments, and the operative polymer binding capacity has been determined to know the metal amount that can be treated.
Once a binding domain has been determined, the next step of the characterization is to identify functional amino acid residues.
Overlap between CLK and BMAL1 DNA binding peaks has been determined computationally using all significant peaks coordinates.
The Ydj1 peptide-binding fragment has been determined to be within amino-acid residues 102-384 of the full-length Ydj1 by limited proteolysis (10).
A blastp search with the T. reesei CLR2 protein sequence against the NCBI database revealed that it is an orthologue of the A. nidulans mannanase regulator ManR, for which the DNA-binding motif has been determined as 5'-YAGAAT-3' [ 28].
The minimum length requirement for the DNA binding of POT1 has been determined to be a 10-nt with a sequence of "TTAGGGTTAG" from the X-ray co-crystal structure of POT1v2 and ssDNA [11].
Furthermore, binding to BtR has been determined to be indispensable to the insecticidal activity of Cry toxins [ 28].
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