Granulocyte production increases following infection or in response to cytokine stimulation, and activation of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) transcription factor is required for such stress-induced granulopoiesis, whereas C/EBPα plays a critical role in maintaining steady-state granulopoiesis.
Mutation of conserved sequences revealed that putative transcription factor binding sites for Dorsal and Zelda, a ubiquitous maternal transcription factor, are required for proper sog expression.
The transcription factor Runx1 (amembera member of the core binding factor (CBF) family of transcription factors is required for the establishment of definitive, but not primitive hematopoiesis [ 10].
Recent reports have indicated that transcription factor binding is preferentially conserved when a bound target gene is required for a transcriptional regulator's function [23].
dsDNA-binding proteins and accessory factors are required at both human telomeres (TRF1, TRF2, TIN2, TPP1, RAP1) and budding yeast telomeres (Rap1, Rif1, Rif2) to prevent DDRs (Wotton and Shore, 1997; de Lange, 2005; Celli and de Lange, 2005; Marcand et al, 2008; Bonetti et al, 2010; Vodenicharov et al, 2010).
The chromodomain is responsible for binding to H3K9Me, although additional factors are required to specify HP1 targeting [32] [34].
Although it is clear that KAP1 and SETDB1 co-localize with H3K9me3, neither of these two proteins has a specific DNA binding domain and therefore additional factors are required to recruit the complex to specific regions of the genome.
One shelterin component, telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2), is required for t-loop formation in vivo(3) and can promote t-loop formation in vitro(4) by facilitating a strand invasion reaction between the ssDNA tail and upstream dsDNA in a telomere.
It is possible that co-factors are required in vivo for Msi to affect translation following binding to the mRNA.
It is possible that co-factors are required in vivo for Msi to affect translation following binding to the mRNA, or that other RNA-binding factors outcompete Msi protein for binding.
