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The traditional view of protein ligand binding treats a protein as comprising distinct binding epitopes on the surface of a degenerate structural scaffold, largely ignoring the impact of a protein's energy landscape.
Firstly, receptors are internalized upon MHC class I ligand-binding in trans, and secondly, Ly49 - MHC cis interactions masks the antibody binding epitopes on the Ly49 receptors, which appears as a lower detected expression level [19], [21], [22], [23].
Also alterations of the binding epitopes on the protein surface of MRSA could result in a loss of antibody recognition and thus in a loss of photodynamic activity.
While ELISA-based techniques allow for quantification of the total released growth factor, the method utilizes antibody-based recognition of specific binding epitopes on the target protein.
Ligand binding was analyzed during titration using cross-peaks in H N HSQC spectra to identify protein residues involved in binding and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR to identify binding epitopes on the ligand.
This package is well-suited to this type of problem because it allows use of more qualitative data, such as those coming from STD-based identification of binding epitopes on the ligand and chemical shift-based identification of residues in the protein binding pocket.
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A comparison with BMPR-IAEC bound to BMP-2 (PDB entry 1REW) shows that the binding epitopes on BMPR-IA overlap heavily in both complexes (Fig. 2B D); even the amount of interface area involved for BMPR-IA is quite similar BMPR-IAAbD15566 1230 Å2 vs. 1200 Å2 for BMPR-IABMP-2).
Epratuzumab binds to non-ligand binding epitopes on CD22 and provokes phosphorylation of CD22 [ 16, 17].
Having identified the UP1 binding epitopes on SL3ESS3, we monitored H N HSQC titrations of N-labeled UP1 with wild-type SL3ESS3.
In an attempt to understand the molecular basis of the anti-erbB2 antibody interaction with erbB2 ectodomain (ECD), we analyzed binding epitopes on erbB2 for inhibitory and non-inhibitory antibodies, Herceptin and HF by computer-guided protein engineering and site-directed mutagenesis.
Saturation transfer difference spectra can give a qualitative identification of binding epitopes on ligands of interest.
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