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The p53 binding element was found in the regions surrounding all three p300 binding sites of the MMP-1 promoter.
The integrity of the CRX binding element was found to be essential for the activity of the Nxnl1 promoter in vitro and ex vivo (Figures 7A and B).
The CBF binding element was found in the promoter region of 24 of the 63 COR-like genes of which four were common to the previously designated CBF regulon [ 41].
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Cytokinin-related binding elements were found in the putative promoter regions of Type-A BrRR genes.
Likewise, several motifs similar to MYB2 binding elements were found — AGMOTIFNTMYB2, MYB26PS and MYBPZM (Table 1) which were linked to many defense associated pathways like phenylpropanoid pathway, flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, wound inducible pathway etc. [ 71, 89, 90].
Six potential RAR binding elements were found during the search of the genomic coding sequences, including 1000 base pairs upstream and downstream from the start and stop codons, corresponding to known genes on Xq28.
TCP-binding elements are found in the promoters of various cell cycle related genes and of genes encoding ribosomal proteins [ 26].
HSF1-binding elements were found in ABCB1 (MDR1) gene promoter coding for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an energy-dependent drug efflux pump [ 17, 18].
Two ARR1-binding elements were found in some Type-A BrRR gene promoters; thus, we speculated that the TCS is conserved between Chinese cabbage and Arabidopsis at the level of system regulation, as well as gene structure.
Subsequently, an IRF-1-binding site (IRF-E element) was found to exist in the −65 to −53 nt region at the 5′ end of XAF1 exon-1, by which IRF-1 could directly bind to XAF1 gene promoter and further activate XAF1 gene.
The cis-acting E-box element is found in the E-cadherin promoter region and binding of the zinc-finger protein, SNAIL or SIP1, represses gene expression.
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