Examples for cis-acting mutations are rare deletions of CTCF-binding sites and mutations affecting the OCT- and SOX-binding elements in 11p15 which mediate the regulation of ICR1: such mutations affect up to 20% of BWS patients with 11p15 ICR1 GOM [ 28], but the BWS phenotype is expressed only if the mutation affects the maternal chromosome 11 [ 29, 30].
Furthermore, apart from the genes encoding glutathione S-transferases, genes in all of the other functional categories (shown in purple font; Figure 6) contained significant enrichment of putative NAC binding elements in the promoter regions of these genes, which suggests that these genes, including the WRKY TFs, may be regulated by NAC TFs (denoted with 1; Figure 6).
The various siRNAs displayed no effect on FOPFLASH [26] or pFOPGlow reporter activities (data not shown), which contain mutated TCF binding elements in their promoters [34].
As may be anticipated from the diversity of substrate types for 2OG oxygenases – proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules and lipids – there are greater variations in the substrate binding elements, which separately, or in conjunction with Fe(II) binding, can be exploited for the development of selective inhibitors.
In summary, we have demonstrated the presence of tandem non-consensus E2F-binding elements in the EBP1 promoter, which play key roles in its transcriptional activity.
The agreement also contains legally binding elements, which indisputably trigger the ratification requirement.
MMP3 has in its promoter a binding element for AP-1, which is in turn known to be regulated by BMP4 [ 59, 60], thereby representing a likely link between BMP4 and MMP3.
Intrinsically disordered proteins can follow different binding mechanisms in which preformed elements of secondary structure, together with concomitant folding and flexibility in the unbound and bound state can play important roles [34].
We found that duplicated loci have more noncoding elements in which sequence differences between human and macaque are predicted to affect TF binding.
Expression of cyclin B1, which controls the G2/M checkpoint, can be regulated by the Notch pathway (through putative CBF-1-binding elements in its promoter).
