ABCG2/BCRP is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that is often associated with multidrug resistance due to its ability to remove substrates from a cell against a concentration gradient [ 55].
A major cause of the MDR phenotype is the overexpression in tumour cells of members of a highly conserved family of transmembrane proteins characterised by an ATP-binding cassette (ABC), that is, the ABC superfamily of transporters (Gottesman et al, 2002).
Both of the inactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were possibly because of the increase of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 that is a well-known target of miR-33.
ABCA4 encodes a retina-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter protein that is located at the rim of the photoreceptor outer segment disc and is involved in retinoid (N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine) transport across the disc membrane [37].
It is a member of the subfamily A of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that is expressed in the retinal outer segments of cone and rod photoreceptor cells.
The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) belongs to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that is essential for peptide loading onto class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecules [ 10, 11].
The p-glycoprotein (p-gp), multidrug resistance protein, and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are members of the ATP binding cassette transporter family of proteins that is responsible for rapid transportation of drug across the cell membrane that regulates both uptake and efflux [ 215].
Motif composition and protein sequence analysis revealed that the CNGC specific domain "cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD)" comprises a "phosphate binding cassette" (PBC) and a "hinge" region that is highly conserved among the OsCNGCs.
For example, gene mutations of ATP binding cassette member A3 (aBCA3), a transporter protein that is thought to be involved in the inward transport of phospholipids into lamellar bodies and to be expressed in type II AECs, are detected in young patients with the UIP pattern of ILDs [ 61, 62].
And, genes that have cassette exons that are flanked by HNRNPH-binding sites are enriched for genes with tissue-specific expression patterns (Xiao et al. 2009).
