In contrast, the PYD-containing NLRP proteins (formerly named Nalps) drive caspase-activation by binding to the adaptor protein ASC leading to the processing of pro-inflammatory cytokines [15], [16].
Interaction between MDP and CARD15 leads to activation of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) by binding of the adaptor protein RIP2 to CARD15 via caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) on both proteins [5], [6].
In contrast, several PYRIN domain containing Nalp proteins were found to form a signaling platform, dubbed inflammasome, and drive caspase-activation by binding to the adaptor protein ASC [1], [7], [12], [13].
The SCL E47 heterodimer then nucleates a "core" multiprotein complex by binding to the adaptor protein LMO2 and its interacting partner LDB1 (LIM-binding domain 1) (Lécuyer and Hoang, 2004).
Under the DRT model, the original form of amino-acid-proto-tRNA interaction was direct binding, presumably, via anticodon triplets; subsequently, direct binding has been supplanted by the adaptor mechanism, probably, with the participation of aminoacylating ribozymes, as under the modified CCH hypothesis.
The molecular regulation of α2-chimaerin activation includes membrane recruitment and tyrosine phosphorylation of α2-chimaerin by Eph receptors and binding to the adaptor protein Nck family, which leads to Rac1 in activation and growth cone collapse [ 164, 165, 169].
A variety of exogenous and endogenous ligands can activate TLRs by binding the extracellular domain: This activation induces dimerization of the receptor and binding of either the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) or the TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF -dependent paTRIF -dependentocess culminates in interferon-regulating factor 3 (IRF3) activation.
The N-terminal region possesses binding activities to the adaptor proteins as well as ubiquitinated proteins.
RANK transduces intracellular signals upon ligand binding by recruiting various adaptor proteins through specific motifs in the cytoplasmic domain [ 5- 11].
The sequence shared by the adaptor specific primer (ASP) and the adaptors is shown in bold.
