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(i) The loop forming acceptor subsite +3 had a different conformation, providing the G2-amylase with more space at acceptor subsite +3, and (ii) the G2-amylase contained a five-residue amino acid insertion that hampers substrate binding at the donor subsites −3/−4 (Biochemistry, 38 (1999 83855).
In each case, electron density maps, inspected using COOT, were consistent with the expected point mutations and provided clear evidence of ligand binding at the donor pocket.
Similar(58)
Thus, CGTase can be changed into a starch hydrolase with a high exo-specificity by hampering substrate binding at the remote donor substrate binding subsites.
Preventing the binding of snRNP U1 (at the donor site) or U2/U5 (at the polypyrimidine moiety and acceptor site) can cause modified splicing, commonly excluding exons from the mature mRNA.
Thus these mutations do not seem to affect the binding to the donor substrate.
Amino acid sequence analysis revealed a clear trend in cyclodextrin product specificity based on the nature of various amino acids at the donor substrate binding subsites, close to the active site.
The first process in both enzymes is assumed to involve the oxygen donor species binding at the heme and the second involves the final electron donor/acceptor substrate interaction.
The challenge is to engineer CGTases that only permit the binding of glucan chains of a defined length at the donor subsites prior to covalent glycosyl-intermediate formation and CD formation.
This indicates that formation of the interlocked structure with additional hydrogen bond donor groups augments anion binding at the lanthanide center.
This transposition mechanism involves the binding of the transposase to the element TIRs and the excision of the element generating a DSB at the donor site followed by the integration of the element into a different chromosomal site.
Donor site morbidity was minimal and the muscle at the donor site was preserved.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com