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Two anti-RBD mAbs recognizing the linear epitopes (Group E) were mapped to the RBD residues 335 352 and 442 458, respectively, and none of them inhibited the receptor binding and virus entry.
Our previous studies implicated a contiguous nine-amino-acid region of the V3 loop of the FIV envelope surface as important in CXCR4 binding and virus entry.
Furthermore, a contiguous nine-amino-acid region (SSWRQKNRW, designated N44) of FIV V3 is a neutralization target for CD134-dependent virus neutralization via blocking CXCR4 binding and virus entry [36].
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On the one hand, three hypervariable regions are included in the E1-E2 region: HVR1, which seems to be involved in target cell recognition and virus attachment [81]; HVR2, which could be involved in cell surface receptor binding [82]; and HVR3, which could play a role in the process of binding with host cell receptors and virus entry into host cells [83].
This region could play a role in the process of binding to host cell receptors and virus entry into host cells [14].
While the majority of interactions between AAV and carbohydrates have been associated with cell binding, virus entry, and infection, it is possible that they are also involved in other aspects of the virus lifecycle.
Interestingly, arginine at residue 399 is highly conserved and is more important for CXCR4 binding, with even a conservative substitution of R399K resulting in disruption of CXCR4 binding and abrogation of virus entry.
The lymphotoxin (LT) system is also part of the TNF superfamily and includes lymphotoxin-related inducible ligand that competes for glycoprotein D binding to herpes virus entry mediator on T cells (LIGHT), LTα, and LTβ [ 24].
Particular attention must be devoted to the selection of starch, a pharmaceutical excipient generally used in vaginal formulations [ 58], for effective binding of the virus entry inhibitors from PJ.
Many of these signaling events have been shown to be important for post-binding virus entry steps, for example modulation of microtubules, movement of virus in the cytoplasm and nuclear delivery of viral DNA [48].
Both LIGHT and LTα3 bind herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), a fourth member of TNFR superfamily.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com