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It is now widely recognized that the increased transcriptional pressure on the AR gene during CRPC progression can lead to the generation of truncated isoforms of the AR: coding only for the DNA binding and transactivation domains.
A cDNA for dominant negative HIF-1α (dnHIF-1α) lacking both the DNA binding and transactivation domains of HIF-1α was amplified from reverse transcription (RT) products of mRNAs purified from the PCI-10 cells and cloned into PCR4-TOPO (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA).
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The hybrid drosophila-bombyx ecdysone receptor (VgBmEcR) was constructed by fusion of the binding and transactivation domain of the modified drosophila system (pVgRXR, Invitrogen®) to the ligand binding domain of the bombyx ecdysone receptor (BmEcR in pBSII KS+BmB1 = ecdysone receptor type B1 of Bombyx mori, obtained from Fujiwara H., Tokyo, Japan) using the restriction enzyme BsrGI and NotI.
One possible explanation for this could be the fact that HIPPI is not a conventional transcription factor (without DNA binding and transactivation domain).
The assay is based on the inducible expression of HIV-1 PR fused within the Gal4 DNA-binding and transactivation domains.
SOX2 is comprised of three main domains: N-terminal, HMG and transactivation domain (Figure 1B).
The N-terminal domain contain motifs required for dimerization, DNA binding and transactivation [15], [16].
The DNA binding and transactivation capabilities of hup63 are induced when the outermost C-terminus is removed artificially [31], revealing it as a transactivation inhibitory domain (TID).
The RB protein represses gene transcription, required for transition from G1 to S phase, by directly binding to the transactivation domain of E2F and by binding to the promoter of the target genes as a complex with E2F [ 50].
The RB proteins repress gene transcription, required for transition from G1- to S-phase, by directly binding to the transactivation domain of E2F and by binding to the promoter of these genes as a complex with E2F (Adams and Kaelin, 1995).
By binding to the transactivation domain of p53, MDM2 is able to regulate p53 activity and stability via several mechanisms such as promoting p53 degradation through ubiquitination, stimulating p53 nuclear export, and inhibiting acetylation of p53.
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