Since ag and chr11 chr17 mutants displayed similar levels of YUC4 expression, Pol II binding, and chromatin structure, CHR11 and CHR17 may enable AG to activate its targets.
Recent studies of β-globin gene expression have concentrated on the analysis of factor binding and chromatin structure within the endogenous locus.
Here we discuss the two-way relationship between transcription factor binding and chromatin structure during cell fate reprogramming.
Recent evidence of a strong genetic component for allele-specific differences at the level of transcription factor binding and chromatin structure has been reported (34).
By integrating genomewide data of transcription factor binding and chromatin structure and using our data-driven approach, we pinpointed the chromatin marks that best explain transcription factor association with different regulatory elements.
We examined the nucleosome occupancy profiles around TFBSs to better understand the intricate relationships between TF binding and chromatin structure, and we also investigated the correlations between binding sites with different patterns of nucleosome occupancy and gene expression.
Aberrant DNA methylation at CpG islands, often in close proximity to transcription start sites, is associated with the epigenetic regulation of genes through altered transcription factor binding and chromatin structure[ 2].
High frequencies of microsatellites in some regions outside hotspots are also not conclusive evidence against their functional involvement, since the control of hotspot location has been shown to be complex and multi-levelled, with local and distal sequences, transcription factor binding and chromatin structure alterations all implicated (reviewed in [ 46, 48, 67]).
We found that E2F4 binds a highly overlapping set of human genes among three diverse primary tissues and an asynchronous cell line, which suggests that tissue-specific binding partners and chromatin structure have minimal influence on E2F4 targeting.
Using several different technologies, ENCODE aims to identify all functional elements within the human genome, including transcribed non-coding RNAs, transcription factor binding sites and chromatin structure (The ENCODE Project Consortium, 2012).
