Finally, in the examples of substrates not having phosphate groups present, GlcNAc, Glc and U, the binding of Mg+2 and Mn+2 to the substrates was so weak as to preclude accurate binding affinity determinations, which indicates the importance that the charged phosphates play in binding divalent metals.
Specifically, the Na+/K+ selectivity was quantified as the relative binding affinity ΔΔG(Na+→K+), which indicates Na+ preference when positive and vice versa.
The gel filtration data therefore indicate that the mutations reduce binding affinities, which was confirmed in the case of Smc1 M665R by a pull-down assay.
Cluster 1 (Figure 3) relates to N-terminal myristoylation domain binding a molecular function which indicates the selective interaction with the N-terminus of a protein; binding affinity is altered by myristoylation.
Several concentrations of NtcA were used in the EMSA assays and, in general, there was a correlation between NLQ and the affinity of NtcA for the binding region, which indicated the quality of the results.
Furthermore, a binding affinity of 4.973 μM (IC50) was obtained for 68Ga-RGD4 binding to ανβ3, which indicated that 68Ga-RGD4 could be used as PET tracer with ανβ3-positive neuroendocrine pancreatic tumor cell line.
A modified pseudo-first-order kinetics equation was used to determine the association rate constants (described in Supporting Information): where R is the SPR signal at time t, ka is the association rate constant which indicates the binding affinity between two molecules, [VEGF] is the concentration of VEGF, and Rmax is the maximum response of the immobilized ligand (bevacizumab or VEGFR).
This type of inhibition causes Vmax to decrease (maximum velocity decreases as a result of removing activated complex) and Km to decrease (due to better binding efficiency as a result of Le Chatelier's principle and the effective elimination of the ES complex thus decreasing the Km which indicates a higher binding affinity).
The packing buries a total surface area of 1 007 Å, which indicates a moderate binding affinity between the two eTud modules.
Binding to ssDNA and blunt-end DNA was only observed at concentrations of PrimPol higher than 500 nM, which indicates relatively weak binding affinity compared to other pols.
