Interestingly, in the MF, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding activity and growth factor binding activity were enriched in the SW PVCs.
Two molecular function GO terms, 'oxygen binding' and 'transcription factor activity', were significantly enriched in the root, while only 'structural molecule activity' was enriched in the shoot.
In the molecular function, the clusters relating to "binding" and "catalytic activity" were enriched (21,089 and 12,443, respectively).
Four of these were enriched in both brown bear and polar bears, two terms related to ATP binding and ATPase activity were enriched solely in brown bears, and the term "ATPase activity coupled to transmembrane movement of substances" was significantly enriched for derived nonsynonymous substitutions exclusively in polar bears.
It is not surprising to find that both functional annotation terms "DNA or RNA binding" and "transcriptional factor activity" are enriched as it is well-known that plant miRNAs are biased toward to target TFs and other regulatory genes [ 24].
As shown in the bar chart in Figure 2, chitin binding, chitin-catabolic process and chitinase activity are enriched GO terms in Torvum DEGs.
Among the identified enriched GO terms, those related to nucleoside/nucleotide, purine and ATP binding, defense response, sugar/carbohydrate binding, protein kinase activities, cell-death and cell wall enzymatic activity are enriched.
Meanwhile, genes with ion binding, glycosyl-transferase and hydrolase activities were enriched among the genes activated in ams.
The three most highly enriched GO terms for Cellular Component were membrane, intracellular and cytoplasm, while transferase activity, hydrolase activity and nucleotide binding activity were the most enriched in the Molecular Function category.
Within the category molecular function, binding-related sub-categories such as cation binding, ion binding, and nucleoside binding were enriched.
