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The CALMAG (CALcium acetate-MAGnesium carbonate evaluation) study was a 24-week, randomized, controlled, multicenter parallel group study carried out in five European countries which compared the efficacy of the two phosphate binders: calcium acetate/magnesium carbonate (OsvaRen®) and sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel®).
During the washout period, all phosphate binders, calcium supplements, and vitamin D analogues were discontinued if previously taken.
Patients previously on phosphate binders (calcium, sevelamer), on the other hand, discontinued them and underwent washout over 0 3 weeks.
Thus, the use of rescue medications such as other phosphate binders, calcium supplements or vitamin D was also considered a study failure.
The next class of phosphate binders to be introduced, and still used extensively today, was the calcium-based binders, calcium carbonate or calcium acetate [ 13].
Currently available therapeutic agents for hyperphosphatemia include calcium-containing phosphate binders (calcium carbonate and calcium acetate), lanthanum carbonate, and ion-exchange resins.
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Currently, there are primarily two groups of phosphate binders (calcium-containing and calcium-free phosphate binders) which are considered to be almost equally effective in terms of binding of free phosphate.
PCA allowed differentiating the two kinds of mortars (Roman and Renaissance frescoes), and evidenced how the ancient Roman samples are richer in binder (calcium carbonate) and contain less filler (aggregate) than the Renaissance ones.
Examination of the thermograms reveals above all a large step, the DTG peak of which occurs at around 750°C (see Table 1), corresponding to the process of decomposition of the carbonates contained in the binder (calcium carbonate).
One way of achieving high early-age strength is the use of ettringite-based cements; in these cements early strength is attributed to the rapid formation of ettringite by incorporating, in the binder, calcium sulfo-aluminate cement or a combination of calcium aluminate cement and calcium sulfate.
As a phosphate binder, calcium acetate offers a number of potential advantages in non-dialyzed CKD patients.
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