When 12% of RST modifier is added to A-type SBS modified asphalt binder, the value of dynamic viscosity at 60 °C is 142,854 Pa · s, which is almost three times the 60 °C dynamic viscosity at 8%.
As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the binder roundness values are concentrated between 1.5 and 4.0, with a small fraction close to 1, and a few values above 4.0 in different sections of the briquettes with different binder concentrations.
Binder roundness values are concentrated between 1.5 and 4.0, which indicates that most aggregated binders are compressed and conform well to the surfaces of coal particles.
This model is able to predict the 85% of the binders (sensitivity value of 0.85) and the 77% of nonbinders (specificity value of 0.77) with a global accuracy value of 0.81.
Temperature and frequency sweep tests show that the WMA-PPA binders demonstrate lower value of phase angle and higher value of complex modulus compared with the WMA binder regardless of aging state, the WMA-PPA asphalt containing more PPA has higher values of complex modulus (lower values of phase angle) than the WMA-PPA asphalt with less PPA in original state and after RTFO aging state.
A few binders had roundness value approximating 1 or above 4, which indicated that these were under little pressure or overloaded, respectively.
NOVA ff demonstrated better performance compared to AMBER for distinguishing the binding and nonbinding peptides (HLA-B NOVA ff: mean value binders −129.6 ± 198 kj/mol, mean value nonbinders −399.6 ± 181.8 kj/mol, P = 0.0286; HLA-B AMBER ff: mean value binders −637.6 ± 154.9 kj/mol, mean value nonbinders −929.4 ± 423.8, P = 0.1714).
The excess pore water pressure indicates that binder reduces the peak value reached for all pressure increments while the ksat decreases with time.
In fact, dynamic bending tests indicated a remarkable decrease in the value of binder glass transition temperature, which was further corroborated by differential scanning calorimetry.
The positive control TO901317 (1) is a potent PXR binder with an IC50 value of 304 nM.
