Because natural products have been selected during evolution to bind to various proteins during their life-cycle, they are good starting points for drug discovery [3, 4].
Since HFRs can provide sites for a multitude of target proteins and GAF can bind to various proteins to form regulatory complexes, looking for interacting partners at these sites will help identify other regulatory features at the HFRs.
CD5 has been shown to bind to various proteins, including CD72, a 40-80 kDa glycoprotein expressed on murine B splenocytes and activated T cells, a human 150 kDa glycoprotein expressed on peripheral blood monocytes, certain IgVH framework sequences and a bovine 200 kDa protein expressed on activated B cells [ 49- 54].
During the mitotic periods of cell division, centromeric chromatin binds to various proteins to form the kinetochore structure.
Nucleostemin (NS), initially cloned from rat neural stem cells, binds to various proteins, including p53, in the nucleus and is thought to be a key molecule for stemness.
The number of variables in a realistic model is, strictly speaking, identical to the number of different states of the molecules of chemicals (e.g., dissolved in the extracellular and intracellular aqueous phases, accumulated in different membrane regions, covalently or noncovalently bound to various proteins in individual compartments, etc).
The major scaffold protein, CbpA, is composed of nine cohesin domains that bind to various cellulosomal proteins (Tamaru 2001).
Uncapped nanoparticles bind to various plasma proteins upon administration, resulting in a large number being internalized by macrophages and removed from circulation.
Heparins, especially NAC-HCPS, can effectively bind to various adhesive proteins such as fibronectin, laminin and collagen, and thus may affect cell adhesion and tubular formation.
Another study [ 24] showed that HNP-1 bind to various plasma proteins, notably serum albumin, and it was found that serum, or serum albumin, was able to inhibit the anti-viral activity of HNP-1.
PTA is known to bind heavily to various proteins and connective tissue [ 27, 28], and this property, along with electron-shell energies that match common x-ray source emissions, suggested that it might be a useful stain for x-ray imaging.
