As the substrate is reduced over time, the number of available binding sites also decreases, thus fewer and fewer enzymes are able to bind to the surface.
Certain materials have a strong tendency to adsorb (that is bind to the surface) water vapour.
They have now identified four sites — called epitopes — where antibodies can bind to the surface of the virus and physically prevent duplication.
However, if the GNR is wide enough, the fullerene will only bind to the surface of GNR.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy studies show that the alkenes initially bind to the surface hydroxyl groups in Markovnikov fashion.
If the particles reach a given velocity, called "critical velocity", they can bind to the surface and create a coating.
The spectroscopic techniques confirmed that the three chromophore molecules can bind to the surface using a Schiff base mode.
In biotin coupling time tests, sixty minutes was sufficient for the capture probes to bind to the surface.
In order to elucidate the mechanism whereby Ag-NPs strongly bind to the surface of CNx-MWCNTs, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out.
The mineral particles are coated by agitating a pulp of ore, water, and suitable chemicals; the latter bind to the surface of the mineral particles and make them hydrophobic.
However, during simultaneous adhesion to TiO2 and PGN, the glucosamine groups bind to the PGN while the alanine groups bind to the surface.
