In such cases, co-regulators bind to the TFs prior to the DNA binding event.
The reaction mechanism requires that the cofactor Fe(II) and the cosubstrate 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) bind to the enzyme prior to the alkylated nucleotide primary substrate, as confirmed by X-ray crystal structures in which the bound primary substrate occludes the binding sites for Fe(II) and 2OG.
In order to elicit a T-cell response, a peptide must bind to the HLA molecule prior to its presentation to the T cell.
The antisense RNA was designed not to bind to the fluorescent DNA without prior hybridization to the target RNA.
However, both TATA-box binding protein (TBP), the key subunit of TFIID, which binds to the promoter prior to Pol II recruitment, as well as Serine 5-phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of Pol II (Ser5-P Pol II), which marks transcriptional initiation, can only be first detected during nuclear cycles 8 12, when significant transcription of pre-MBT genes occurs.
Unlike canonical bacterial mRNAs, which first bind to the small 30S ribosomal subunit prior to joining of the 50S subunit, leaderless mRNAs can be efficiently bound and read by nondissociated 70S ribosomes (O'Donnell and Janssen 2002; Moll et al. 2004; Udagawa et al. 2004).
We demonstrate through a series of empirical tests on real and artificial data that these novel insights into the symmetry of the problem often leads to significant reductions in the gap between the optimal solution and its non-integral linear programming bound relative to the prior art as well as often substantially faster processing of moderately hard problem instances.
We then prove that these constraints can often lead to significant reductions in the gap between the optimal solution and its non-integral linear programming bound relative to the prior art as well as often substantially faster processing of moderately hard problem instances.
We propose that, whereas fast release events represent the classically envisaged release of docked SVs, slow release events represent sequential docking-fusion events (2-step release) involving SVs that were bound to the replacement site prior to the response-triggering AP.
Zaret attributes two characteristics to pioneer factors: 1) they bind to DNA prior to activation and prior to the binding of other factors, and 2) they bind their target sites in nucleosomes and in condensed chromatin (Zaret and Carroll, 2011).
