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However, when the activated form of repressor which is induced by the attachment of two tryptophan molecules become abundant, it will bind to the operator site and block RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter, thereby, repressing transcription and forming the first feedback loop.
In the monomeric pathway monomers bind to the operator site and then recruit another monomer to form a dimer directly on the DNA.
The results of analytical ultracentrifugation demonstrate that TtgR forms stable dimers in solution, and that two dimers bind to the operator.
Further regulation occurs in some operons: a molecule called an inducer can bind to the repressor, inactivating it; or a repressor may not be able to bind to the operator unless it is bound to another molecule, the corepressor.
For example, in the case of the Trp Operator of E. coli, the Trp-repressor does not bind to the Operator if it is not bound to Tryptophan.
These results clearly demonstrate that the effect of LacI on the virulence of S. enterica is independent of its ability to bind to the operator sequence.
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As the composition of the operator motif is tightly related to the affinity of the TF for the DNA this finding implicates that some of the LacI-family TFs could potentially bind to the operators of another.
The antitoxin binding inhibits the activity of the toxin, and the stable TA complex binds to the operator of the corresponding TAS operon via the DNA-binding domain of the antitoxin and (auto represses its transcription.
One common method of regulation is carried out by a regulator protein that binds to the operator region, which is another short segment of DNA found between the promoter and the structural genes.
In E. coli, LacI binds to the operator sequence present in the lac operon [25].
LacI binds to the operator region of the lac operon and prevents the transcription of lacZYA genes unless lactose is present in the environment [13].
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