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They either act as ligand-activated transcription factors that bind to specific response elements located on the promoters of target genes, or by tethering to transcription factor complexes that contact DNA at alternative sites [9], [10].
They are nuclear receptors that upon activation by specific ligands bind to specific response elements near the promoter of their target genes.
Activated STATs form dimers, translocate to the nucleus, bind to specific response elements in promoters of target genes and transcriptionally activate these genes.
Phosphorylated Stat molecules can form dimers, translocate to the nucleus, bind to specific response elements in the promoter of target genes and alter the rate of transcription [ 2, 3].
VDR is a member of the thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptor subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors that bind to specific response elements in target genes following heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor (RXR) isoforms.
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The receptor-ligand complex binds to specific response elements on the genome, which brings about selective up- and down-regulation of gene expression.
The phosphorylation of STAT3 promotes homodimerisation, and the STAT3 dimers translocate to the nucleus, where they bind to specific DNA response elements in the promoter regions of responsive target genes to regulate their transcription (Johnston and Grandis, 2011; Subramaniam et al, 2013).
Activated STATs as dimers in the nucleus bind to specific DNA response elements in the promoters of target genes to induce gene transcription.
These receptors subsequently bind to specific DNA response elements, RARE or RXRE, thereby affecting gene transcription.
After activation, STAT3 proteins dimerise and translocate to the nucleus, where they bind to specific DNA-response elements in the promoters of target genes and regulate gene expression.
After ligand binding, the ERs form homo- or hetero dimers that bind to specific palindromic estrogen response elements (ERE) sequences [ 5] in the promoter region of estrogen-responsive genes, resulting in recruitment of coactivators or corepressors to the promoter.
More suggestions(15)
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