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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NODs) are recognize and bind to elements of a pathogen [22], and in experimental bTB infections, TLR 2 and TLR 4 are down-regulated in cattle while in mice NOD2 acts synergistically with TLR2 to control infection [10], [23].
So a team led by geochemist Roy Wogelius of the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom set about to bypass the melanosomes and look directly for traces of the pigments themselves, which often tightly bind to elements such as copper, cobalt, zinc, and calcium.
The sequence preferences of CUGBP1 overlap with those of HuR and Pum1 proteins, both of which are also able to bind to elements with a core UGU trinucleotide.
In α haploid and a/ α-diploid cells the α2 protein combines with the MADS-box transcription factor Mcm1 to bind to elements in the promoters of a-specific genes to repress their transcription [ 13, 14].
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I then used oligonucleotides designed against regions A F in real-time PCR reactions and found that like the 5' and 3' WREs, ß-catenin bound to elements A-E in HCT116 cells and not HEK293 cells.
This indicates that a significant fraction of brevetoxin is bound to elements in blood, reducing its availability to be biologically active at the sodium channel.
Blimp1 is a transcriptional repressor that binds to elements within the Myc promoter and controls Myc expression (Horsley et al, 2006; Lin et al, 1997).
Under normal non-stress conditions, FOXC1 binds to elements within the upstream regions of HSPA6 and significantly increases HSPA6 RNA expression.
If three molecules of PTB are bound to element P3 in TM1, then only two or three could be bound to DY.
GT proteins specifically bind to GT elements, and the elements are highly degenerated.
Many RBPs bind to structured elements, and binding is actually based on structural fidelity rather than primary sequence recognition.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com