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We also analyzed binding of Crk proteins (Crk and CRKL) and Nck proteins (Nck1 and Nck2), based on the involvement of these adaptors in RTK-dependent actin cytoskeletal rearrangements [41], [42] and our unpublished observations that these SH2 domains bind to distinct targets compared to most RTK effectors.
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Furthermore, drugs that bind to distinct molecular targets within the same pathway can lead to similar biological effects.
This configuration is useful for multitasking DNA or RNA libraries on multiple unrelated selection targets, or to separate enriched pools for aptamers that bind to distinct sites on a complex target [ 18].
Hence, there exist mainly three scenarios for the design of a multi-target drug: a) Two ligands that bind with a high affinity to distinct targets are used to "design in" a new ligand by uniting their structural elements responsible for activity.
ELISA can effectively minimize false positive results because the detection signal is generated only when both antibodies independently bind to distinct epitopes on the same target protein.
Although both pertuzumab and trastuzumab target HER2, they bind to distinct epitopes, and consequently, ligand-activated downstream signalling induced by heterodimerisation is blocked by pertuzumab but not by trastuzumab.
Conventional ELISAs detect a target analyte via a sandwich complex composed of two affinity agents that bind to distinct epitopes on the analyte.
Furthermore, the binding is unaffected by pretreatment of the target tumor cells with trastuzumab [ 22], indicating that radiolabeled Affibody molecules and trastuzumab bind to distinct regions of the extracellular domain of HER2.
HIV-1-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass antibodies bind to distinct cellular Fc receptors.
Identification of two regions of beta G spectrin that bind to distinct sites in brain membranes.
Lectin has the capability to bind to distinct oligosaccharide epitopes.
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