The most common function of regulatory sRNAs is to bind to complementary mRNAs and increase, or, more commonly, decrease mRNA translation [ 42].
The mature miRNA associated with RISC can bind to complementary mRNAs, leading to either translational repression or mRNA degradation, depending on the level of complementarity between the miRNA and the target sequence.
miRNA interferes with gene expression by binding to complementary mRNA, facilitating mRNA degradation and preventing mRNA translation into protein.
siRNA's bind to complementary target mRNA and, upon interaction with the cellular RNA interference mechanisms, will specifically target these sequences for degradation, resulting in inhibition of protein expression [11], [12].
Similarly, microRNAs, post-transcriptional regulators that bind to complementary sequences on target mRNAs, influence mRNA through translational repression or target degradation, which then affects clinical outcome (Tseng et al., 2011).
MiRNAs are a species of small regulatory RNA that bind to complementary sequences in mRNA and decrease gene expression by increasing degradation and blocking translation (reviewed in [26]).
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are approximately 22 nucleotides in length, bind to complementary sequences of mRNA at the 3′-untranslated region and result in the downregulation of protein-coding target genes in the nucleus and cytoplasm.
They are generated from single-strand RNA precursors that are folded into stem-loop structures, and their abilities to bind to complementary sequences of target mRNAs results in cleavage or degradation of the target mRNAs or suppression of their translation [ 1- 3].
MiRNAs are short (∼ 22 nucleotides), noncoding RNA molecules, which are able to bind to complementary sequences in target mRNAs, thereby repressing translation or inducing degradation of mRNA molecules [ 16].
In animals, miRNAs bind to complementary sites in target mRNAs, generally at 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), to create imperfectly paired miRNA/mRNA heteroduplexes that inhibit translation or increase degradation of target mRNAs.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a specific class of noncoding RNAs that bind to complementary sequences on target mRNAs to repress translation and silence gene expression (Robison and Nestler 2011).
