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These structures provide a model for the enzyme-substrate complex and conclusively demonstrate that two metal ions bind in the active site.
All these ligands bind in the active site of ODCase exhibiting distinct interactions paving the way to design novel inhibitors against this interesting enzyme.
On contrary, tyrosine derivatives did not form any π-π interactions and the extra volume of the electronegative group substitutions in the R1 and R2 positions which repulse the molecules to bind in the active site (Fig. 10).
Although the compounds bind in the active site gorge of the aged enzyme, the orientation of the alkylating function appears to be unsuitable for efficient alkylation of the phosphylic adduct.
Although it is possible for mixed-type inhibitors to bind in the active site, this type of inhibition generally results from an allosteric effect where the inhibitor binds to a different site on an enzyme.
As a consequence, if two protein kinase inhibitors both bind in the active site with similar affinity, but only one has to compete with ATP, then the competitive inhibitor at the protein-binding site will inhibit the enzyme more effectively.
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In the autoinhibited structure of IRK, Tyr1162 within the activation loop binds in the active site in a position similar to the tyrosine of a peptide substrate.
However, without an ATP bound in the active site and a distorted phosphate-binding loop, to predict the importance of that lysine residue in MSK1 was difficult.
For different families of chitinolytic enzymes, the number, type, and position of substrate atoms bound in the active site vary, resulting in different substrate-binding specificities.
T125 and H217 reside in the peptide-binding β-sheet and are positioned near a Rin4 Thr bound in the active site.
These results are consistent with a two-site mechanism in which one molecule of SR RS2) freely binds outside the active site causing activation of SR ΔRS2) phosphorylation and a second molecule binds in the active site causing inhibition (Scheme 3).
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