Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1 is transactivated and translocated to the nuclei where it binds to hypoxic responsive elements (HRE) and upregulates a series of genes essential for adaptation of the tissues to hypoxia (7).
Specifically, they perform both RNA-seq (wild type versus morphant) and DNA Chip-Seq to identify genes directly bound and upregulated by RFX.
CSP and SGT can directly and simultaneously bind to Hsc70 and upregulate its activity in vitro [25] [26].
Wt1b has also been demonstrated to bind to DNA and upregulate the sex-determination gene Sry in mammals.
52 MLL1 was shown to bind directly to the promoter regions of the HOX genes and upregulate HOX gene expression.
For example, DKK1 (Bafico et al., 2004; Cowling et al., 2007; Mikheev et al., 2008), HTATIP2 (Zhao et al., 2007), HBP1 (Paulson et al., 2007; Li et al., 2011), MXI1 (Lahoz et al., 1994) and CASP7 (Hudson et al., 2013), all bound by RBM47 and upregulated upon RBM47 reintroduction, have known tumor suppressive functions.
As an intrinsic neural fate promoting factor, Pou3f1 is expressed earlier than the neural lineage related genes Zfp521, Pax6, and Zic1, and Pou3f1 directly binds and upregulates these genes expression.
In the liver, BAs bind to FXR, which transcriptionally upregulates a protein called small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) to inhibit trans-activity of hepatic nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4 α) and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1; NR5A2) that bind to the BA response element in the Cypza1 and Cyp8b1 gene promoters.
RELA directly binds the BECN1 promoter and upregulates its mRNA and protein levels, leading to autophagy in T cells.
CD40L binds to CD40 on APCs and upregulates the expression of its costimulatory molecules, B7.1 and B7.2, in the cells, which are important factors for the activation and amplification of naïve T cells [ 57, 58].
