The modifications of the nucleotide sequence encoding the insecticidal moiety of the cry9Aa2 gene and the binary vector have been described and constructed previously [ 20].
The molecular interaction fingerprints (IFPs), which are simple bit strings that encode 3D information about ligand target interactions into 1D binary vector, have been extended by Marcou and Rognan as a post-docking filter to prioritize the most relevant poses of low molecular weight fragments (58).
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a routine method used to generate transgenic plants, and a few binary vectors have been developed to deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 system into plant genomes via this method [ 15, 20, 23, 24, 33- 40].
The classic binary pCAMBIA vectors have been widely used for rice transformation in the past 20 years (Komori et al. 2007).
In place of the wild type, tumor inducing, T-DNA, modified T-DNAs located on binary T-DNA vectors have been designed and utilized to efficiently mediate the transfer of genes to plant cells (reviewed in [ 1, 5]).
This binary vector has two reporter genes: β-glucuronidase (uidA) and GFP, both of which are controlled by the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter.
To understand the function of a tomato leucine-zipper transcription factor LeTGA1 [18] and a nonsymbiotic hemoglobin SOLly GLB1 [19] in plant nutrient uptake/utilization, antisense constructs for the genes were made to generate knockout mutants using the binary vector pBI121 [23] [24] which has been widely used in tomato transformation [i.e. 25], –[26].
Employing the protocols optimized in our laboratory, the co-integrated super-binary vector pSB111- bar-asal has been used to transform the elite indica rice cultivars.
The entire expression cassette (Pubi:: synthetic gene:: Nos) was digested with HindIII and EcoRI and ligated into a binary vector pCAMBIA1301, that had been digested with the same enzymes.
Support vector machines (SVMs), originally designed for binary classification, have been applied for multi-class classification with effective decomposition and reconstruction schemes.
