The laboratory used the 4 variable version of the Modification in Diet and Renal Disease (MDRD) Study [ 12], which includes a binary variable for whether the patient is black.
We measured individual preferences for reducing health inequalities by creating a binary variable for whether or not the respondent ranked minimizing health inequalities as the first health system goal.
The first domain was assessed with a binary variable for whether the facility had received supervision visit in the last 6 months, as well as the reported activities included in the visit (e.g., checked registers, discussed problems, observed staff).
Our primary outcome was a binary variable for whether a physician was involved in an incident in a given year that resulted in a subsequent malpractice claim filed against the physician.
Oral health measures in SHARE include binary variables for chewing ability (whether or not respondents are able to bite/chew on hard foods) and denture wearing (whether or not respondents wear dentures).
HIST is a binary variable for the response to whether "mother or sister has breast cancer history".
The variable used for smoking was a binary variable for having ever smoked.
We regress whether a respondent consented to test for HIV on the control variables used in the model (x ij ), the interviewer fixed effects (z j, binary indicator variables for whether the respondent was interviewed by that interviewer), and the average values of the control variables for that interviewer.
Likewise, in analyses of health-seeking for ARI, binary variables capturing whether the child had fever or diarrhoea during the recall period were included in multivariable analyses.
Binary variables capturing whether diarrhoea and ARI were reported or not were created, and separately for each reported illness, the health-seeking was characterised by whether or not help was sought.
Separate binary variables indicated whether annual exposure exceeded a series of potential limits.
