BDDs are decision trees represented in a more compact way in order to efficiently define functions with binary variables to a binary result, i.e., (f: mathbb {B}^{n} mapsto mathbb {B}).
The design problem is cast as a mixed-integer non-linear programming problem, where binary variables are used to define the molecular structure of the working fluids and continuous variables permit the computation of physical and thermodynamic properties.
} quad forall g,t end{aligned} (29)The set of constraints (28) and (29) assign the correct values to the binary variables that define start up (Y_{g,t}) and shut down (Z_{g,t}) status of the units.
To express adherence as a binary variable, the defined cut-off value was at 95% of the continuous data for all measures.
A binary variable was defined indicating whether the household incurred CHE or not.
For each position, a binary variable was defined indicating the presence or absence of a sequencing error.
Rural background (community size), when applied as a binary variable, was defined as communities with <100,000 residents.
Boolean network models, first proposed by Kauffman et al. [ 29], use binary variables that define the expression of a gene i, represented by a network node, as on or off (active or inactive, i.e., expression signal present or absent).
Logistic regression was used to assess the association between each variant and obesity or type 2 diabetes as binary variables defined according to the definitions of the World Health Organization and ADA (13, 14).
The primary outcome was a binary variable, defined as a decrease in HbA1c of ≥0.5% from baseline to 26 weeks and no severe hypoglycemic events.
