Sentence examples for binary variable showing whether from inspiring English sources
Following Cusmano et al. (2009), we define outsourcing (exter) by a binary variable showing whether a firm has delegated a given task to a specialist outside the firm between 2005 and 2007.
The national cooperation variable (cooperNat) is introduced as a binary variable showing whether a firm has signed, during the 2005 2007 period, any cooperation contracts with other companies in the same field, with consumers, with equipment and software suppliers, with competitors, with research and counseling firms and with universities situated in Tunisia.
In this paper, to account for the impact of concentration on firms, a binary variable is used showing whether the respondent firm is located or not in the ICT high-tech park (concen).
Similar to Huang et al. (2009), a binary variable is used showing whether the company has acquired any external R&D services between 2005 and 2007 as a measure of organizing R&D activities (rd_ex).
g The reference group for this binary variable is shown in brackets.
b The reference group for this binary variable is shown in brackets.
GALMA represents an additional binary variable, indicating whether the financial statement applies the German Accounting Law Modernization Act.
EARLY is a binary variable indicating whether the German Accounting Law Modernization Act was adopted voluntarily by the firm.
Finally, a binary variable indicating whether the respondent was a government employee (yes = 1) is used.
GALMA is a binary variable indicating whether the German Accounting Law Modernization Act is applied in year t.
The dependent variable, LendingDecision in, is a binary variable indicating whether team i makes contribution to project n.
