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Why do most sexual organisms use a binary mating system?
Based on a comparison of the spatial model to the mean-field approximation we suggest that spatial population structure must have played a significant role in the evolution of mating types, due to the largely clonal (self-aggregated) spatial distribution of gamete types, which is plausible in aquatic habitats for physical reasons, and appears to facilitate the evolution of a binary mating system.
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Eric Brown's latest novel is Binary System (Solaris).
A similar binary mating type system exists in many filamentous ascomycetous fungi [ 7], which however often also exhibit male / female differentiation.
Functional explanations of the evolution of a binary mating type system have been explored in theoretical models by [ 11- 13] and [ 14].
In isogamous species without apparent male-female differentiation, like unicellular green algae (e.g. Chlamydomonas) and fungi (e.g. yeast), the asymmetry in sexual fusion and subsequent development are regulated by a binary mating type system.
The mating system was coded as a binary variable (0/1).
We ran RJ MCMC analyses in BayesTraits with mating system classified as both a binary trait (polygyny/monogamy) and a three state trait (harem-polygyny/polygynandry/monogamy).
The analysis for the binary classification supports polygyny as the ancestral primate mating system at the root of the phylogeny (polygyny mean probability = 0.974 +/− 0.001; monogamy mean = 0.026 +/− 0.001).
Exposure to EE2 has previously been shown to alter the mating behaviors of Gulf pipefish in binary choice tests, which suggested that EE2 could potentially disrupt the mating system and alter sexual selection.
The social mating system is monogamy, with biparental care.
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