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For the lifetime total number of sex partners, a binary logarithm was used to accommodate for the highly skewed distribution of this variable.
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Here, a binary logarithm is used.
The relationship of s and information is especially simple if a binary logarithm is used to scale s, i.e., -log2(s) = I GLC +1.
Because of skewed distribution a natural logarithm was used to achieve an approximately normal distribution.
Then, the logarithm was used to decrease the influence of more dominant families.
Log transformation (10th logarithm) was used to induce normality in morning and evening cortisol.
The Fisher scores are obtained by taking the negative logarithm of the probabilities (natural logarithm is used).
Logarithms are used for maximum-likelihood estimation of parametric statistical models.
Other criteria include whether rates will be entered as proportions (less than or equal 1) or as percents, whether natural logarithms or base 10 logarithms are used, etc.
Binary logarithms are also used in computer science, where the binary system is ubiquitous, in music theory, where a pitch ratio of two (the octave) is ubiquitous and the cent is the binary logarithm (scaled by 1200) of the ratio between two adjacent equally-tempered pitches, and in photography to measure exposure values.
For calculation of linkage to phenotypes the binary model was used for INC and Hailey-Knott regression was used for DUR, MAX, CUM and WL, to generate maximum base 10 logarithm of the likelihood ratio (LOD) scores.
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