(5) If an optimized annotation matrix containing binary indicator variables is desired as output, rather than a matrix of proportions, the elements of O can be replaced by 0 or 1 according to some desired threshold.
This binary indicator variable is set to 1 if at least two or more proceeding days exceed the extreme temperature threshold, and 0 otherwise.
where i indexes subject, j indexes time point, GROUP, WEEK1 and WEEK12 are binary indicator variables, b0i is a random intercept and εij is a random within-subject error term.
Moreover, in the previous modeling studies mutations were represented from the amino acid letter codes as binary indicator variables, rather than being based on quantitative descriptions of molecular properties of the mutated sequence residues that are relevant for drug-protein interactions (e.g. amino acid size and shape, hydrophobicity, charge, etc).
For JAV, smoking status was represented by two binary indicator variables, one of which was equal to 1 for former smokers, the other of which equalled 1 for never smokers.
In this case, the labels are binary indicator variables that indicate whether a gene belongs to a particular gene set or not.
Categorical variables were entered as binary indicator variables into the models.
Here, there are (|U|=3) users, (|I|=4) items, (|L|=4) locations, which are binary indicator variables.
(X_{{{text{Predefined}},{text{DwellTime}}}}^{ij}), (Y_{text{Maintenance}}^{ik}), and (Z_{text{Praying}}^{il}) are binary indicator variables.
