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For all categorical variables, binary dummy variables were introduced to represent the categorical values.
Sets of one or more binary (dummy) variables were used to model the effects of all predictors, with the exceptions of the health utility, chronic condition, and prescription medication indices, which were modeled as continuous variables, and age, which was modeled as both a categorical and a continuous predictor.
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For categorical predictor variables, one level is mapped onto the intercept and binary dummy variables are created for the other levels.
Dummy variables were created for binary independent variables and effect coding was used for the country variables.
Dummy variables were created to indicate binary responses to each question or category.
Dummy variables were created for non-binary categorical variables.
The dummy variables were obtained by recoding the original ordinal variables into the binary format of 1 (YES) and 0 (NO).
Dummy variables were created for categorical variables.
Dummy variables were created if necessary.
Dummy variables were considered for all the categorical variables.
Dummy variables were used to measure education and PA training.
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