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Results are obtained for two contrasting examples, where the first example involves a binary covariate and the second involves a continuous covariate.
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The OR between these two factors is calculated with pneumocephalus as the binary covariate and agitation as the binary dependent variable.
However, the binary covariate X5 and the dummy variable for X8 representing group 3 (>30 mm) became borderline significant with increasing amounts of missingness.
Our method is motivated by the breast cancer case-control data discussed by Duffy et al. (1989) which contain two error-prone binary covariates and each has two replicates of surrogate measurements.
For the cross-over design, a single dataset of 500 individuals was simulated displaying the binary covariate during the first visit and not displaying the binary covariate during the second visit (Table I, Fig. 1).
Under the Cox model and for a binary covariate X, the parameter c would be equal to some base value c0 when X=0 and would become equal to c1= c0 exp when X=1.
Here, we go one step further than previous studies on optimal designs and demonstrate the extent to which a binary covariate influences the optimal design.
22 The relative risk of being in the exposure group was calculated for each of the binary empirical covariates, and the top 500 binary empirical covariates were included in the propensity score estimation.
Analysis of the main experimental scans included one binary covariate for the pre-adaptation phase, one binary covariate for all 16 top-up phases, and binary covariates for each of the four test stimuli, each convolved with a canonical double-gamma hemodynamic response function.
Schafer [ 31] suggested rounding values for the incomplete binary covariate to the observed values.
Viral load was considered as a binary covariate using the threshold 1,000 copies/mL.
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