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However, we did not observe conformational differences between the PrfA-DNA binary complex and the PrfA-DNA-GSH ternary complex, which is consistent with the previous understanding that PrfA could interact with DNA in vitro even in the absence of an activator.
Therefore, our work provides a look at the binary complex and the apo enzyme in solution from the point of view of classical MD simulations.
We would not necessarily expect all the traces for a particular template base to emanate from the same fluorescence value because the equilibrium between the binary complex and the proposed common intermediate may be less favorable for some mispairs, resulting in a smaller fluorescence change upon binding of the mispaired dNTP.
We also measured the rate of dissociation of 2-AP-dNTP from the Pol X·2-AP-dNTP binary complex and the Pol X·2-AP-dNTP·ddDNA ternary complex as the rate of 2-AP fluorescence increase upon mixing of the preformed complexes with an excess of dATP (data not shown).
By this definition, the open structures, such as the cofactor-bound binary complex and the substrate analogue-bound ternary complex, are found in the range of step torsion angles between 5° to 20° and shear torsion angles between −5° to 5°, while the closed structures, such as the PT70 ternary complex, is found at step and shear torsion angles between −30° to −10° and −15° to 7°, respectively.
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The effects of the Y254V mutation on the translocation step are intriguing, since structural predictions can be made that the mutation disrupts the stacking interaction between Y254 and Y390 in the post-translocation state binary complex and disrupts the stacking interaction between Y254 and the sugar moiety of the primer terminal residue in the pre-translocation state binary complex.
Revised Figure 3B presents a detailed comparison of the dephosphorylation reactions containing escalating concentrations of PP1-PPP1R15 binary complex and either the specific (eIF2αP) or the non-specific (GSTP) substrate.
These observations agree with crystallographic studies on prokaryotic Pol 1 class enzymes showing that residues homologous to Y766 are stacked on the –1 template base in the binary complex and repositioned to the side of the helix upon formation of the ternary complex [34], [35].
Long lasting molecular dynamics simulations of the DNA-topoisomerase I binary complex and of the DNA-topoisomerase-topotecan ternary complex have been performed and compared.
All data suggest that excess THF likely binds E Gly binary complex and forms the E Gly:THF dead-end complex before glycine is released.
The uncompetitive inhibition versus nucleotide substrate suggests that the dideoxy-terminated DNA substrate analogue binds to the Pol X·dCTP binary complex and not to the free enzyme.
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