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This could be done through bilateral programmes between their host country and country of origin.
The report also touched on how DfID channelled its money, urging the department to assess the benefits of delivering aid through bilateral programmes or through multilateral institutions.
In its report, the NAO said DfID needs to leverage more developing country resources while obtaining the best value from its own bilateral programmes and from the support it channels through multilateral organisations.
"We do not dispute that the bilateral aid review was a robust process," the report says, "but the secretary has not convinced us that the announcements to end bilateral programmes in India and South Africa were in accordance with the principles and process established by the bilateral aid review (BAR).
In addition to the national programmes, there are also a number of bilateral programmes in force involving other national bodies as well research organisations and centres.
Norwegian development assistance is focused mainly on bilateral programmes, but is also involved in a number of multilateral fisheries programmes.
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Ethiopia is the UK's largest bilateral programme.
Their biggest bilateral programme in the world, worth billions of pounds, cancelled.
The Department for International Development's (DfID) bilateral programme is focused on 28 countries, which leaves little scope for contributing to collective solutions.
There is almost a sense among some that if UK development spending is not focused on the 28 countries in DfID's bilateral programme, it is wasted.
The annual symposia take place alternately in Germany and Japan and are supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Bilateral Programme.
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