Exact(2)
Like bilateral liberalization, integration under ASEAN promotes intra-ASEAN investment at an insignificant rate.
Hence, the present study attempts to contribute to FDI research by exploring nine host economies located in the ASEAN and SAFTA regions that grant comparable policy environments and fiscal incentives under unilateral and bilateral liberalization schemes but demonstrate noticeable variation in hosting FDI.
Similar(58)
Yet foreign investment continues to flow quite unevenly into individual countries in the region, although majority of the Asian countries do emphasize liberalization unilaterally, bilaterally under the bilateral investment treaty (BIT) and the bilateral trade agreement (BTA), and regionally under the regional trade agreement (RTA).
Preferential investment liberalization under bilateral investment treaties: How to ensure compliance with WTO law? 85.
For hitherto the E.U. has limited its bilateral or regional trade liberalization initiatives to developing countries and has not attempted any with developed countries.
Tobacco appears to have been under-represented in WTO trade disputes, most likely because of GATT-era liberalization and bilateral sanctions we described earlier had already resulted in market entry by TTCs.
These countries were chosen because of their participation in extensive trade and investment liberalization activities at the bilateral, regional and multilateral levels over the previous two decades.
Mr. Zoellick's strategy is based on what he calls "competitive liberalization," the idea that a bilateral trade agreement with one country puts pressure on others to seek their own deals with the United States.
The letter signed by Aurélie Filippetti, the French culture minister, and fellow ministers from states including Germany, Italy and Spain, reminded European negotiators that they had "always excluded audiovisual services, in the World Trade Organization as well as bilateral talks, from any agreements on trade liberalization".
Malawis membership of overlapping regional and bilateral arrangements with different geographical coverage, trade liberalization agendas and trading rules makes its trade regime more complex (WTO, 2002).
First, the repeated failure of new trade talks at the World Trade Organization WTOO) has forced countries seeking greater trade liberalization to pursue it through other bilateral or regional multilateral negotiations.
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