Sentence examples for bidirectional causality from inspiring English sources
SLH indicates the unidirectional causality from innovation to economic growth, DFH indicates the unidirectional causality from economic growth to innovation, FBH indicates the bidirectional causality between innovation and economic growth, and NEH indicates no causal flow between innovation and economic growth.
Evidence suggests that PTSD may be a causal risk factor for subsequent depression; however, associations are likely complex, involving bidirectional causality, common risk factors, and common vulnerabilities.
Moreover, a bidirectional causality between labor and capital, and between CO2 emissions and capital are found.
Fossil fuel Granger cause industrial GDP and there is a bidirectional causality running between fossil fuel and population density.
Granger causality result determined there is evidence of bidirectional causality between the variables (sales from production- labor, sales from production – gross value added and labor) in all groups.
Third, we find the existence of a bidirectional causality between nuclear consumption and economic; and a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to renewable energy consumption for the global panel.
There was a unidirectional causality between renewable energy consumption and CO2 emission, and a bidirectional causal effect was detected between fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emission.
In the short-run, there exists a unidirectional causality from renewable energy consumption and CO2 emission, and a bidirectional causal effect was detected between fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emission.
The simultaneous logit model is estimated for the third structure that allows a bidirectional simultaneous causality.
Odhiambo (2009b) uncovered a bidirectional Granger causality relationship between GDP and electricity consumption in South Africa using employment as an intermittent variable in a simple trivariate framework.
On the other hand, when the feedback hypothesis is true, it suggests the existence of a bidirectional Granger causality between both variables, i.e., military expenditure and the annual growth rate (left( {beta_{1i} ne 0forall_{i} } right)) and (left( {vartheta_{1i} ne 0forall_{i} } right)).
