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Some biases pertain to setting the wider research agenda and include poor scientific relevance, minimal clinical utility, or failure to consider prior evidence (non-consideration of prior evidence, biased consideration of prior evidence, or consideration of biased prior evidence).
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Another selection bias pertains to the choice of sampling methods.
Whether this bias pertains to publication bias, or enhanced pre-test probability, we are unable to say.
In the context of the present analysis, this potential bias pertains only to our estimates of the effects of sitagliptin, as our linagliptin data sources were not subject to publication selection.
However, the major advantage of the test is that it can be used to examine large bodies of evidence from many meta-analyses, and identify biases that pertain to such larger bodies of evidence.
This study was conducted in NCH which is located in central Ohio and our practice patterns, values and patient population may be influenced by biases that pertain to central Ohio.
Several sources of bias may pertain to retrospective case series, the only extant source of data on nitroimidazole treatment failure for giardiasis.
Subscripts 1 and 2 in Equation (9) identify the populations to which the "meta-sample" means, standard deviations, and bias adjustments pertain.
However, selection bias would pertain to the comparison of LBW newborns compared to "controls – non LBW newborns" and it is well known that selection bias is likely to occur when "controls" do not provide an estimate of the exposure distribution in the source population from which the cases originate.
However, we are interested in bias which pertains to expected values of point estimates and statistical significance plays no defensibly useful role in the assessment or measurement of bias.
Another fear-related cognitive distortion that has been subjected to the effects of threat information is the reasoning bias, which pertains to the phenomenon that fearful or anxious people do not think about the world in a logical and objective way (Beck et al. 1985).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com