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Although mobile phone data have inherent biases, analytic tools for adjusting estimates are improving, and in this case, they may not have a major impact on estimates.
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Definitions of chance, confounding, information bias, selection bias and analytic bias were provided [18].
What approach or analysis of the data is used to take into consideration: chance, confounding, information bias, selection bias and analytic bias?
Therefore, the selection procedures at inception for CONSTANCES participants should generate minimal bias in analytic studies, although the observed exposure effect relationships may be affected if the highest exposures are underrepresented, which often happens for factors like alcohol or tobacco consumption.
Figure 2 shows a comparison between the simulated average bias and the analytic approximate bias of Equation 15 derived before.
So if p values are used, the common misreporting of these p values could bias meta-analytic results considerably.
Two reviewers independently evaluated the role of chance, confounding, information, selection and analytic bias on the study outcome.
These types of geocoding inaccuracies and/or bias can influence analytic results and depend on the level of spatial resolution required and the statistical methods being applied.
We analyzed all continuous variables without dichotomizing them to reduce analytic bias [ 25].
In examining how to minimize analytic bias, waiver of consent is not the only option.
Analytic bias could occur if cases of induced abortion were counted as cases of spontaneous miscarriage.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com