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Both plots show the averages of the results obtained over a series of simulations of the regular (non biased) scenario.
As expected, the performance of LFU in the biased scenario is lower than in the regular scenario.
The biased scenario also follows the same pattern, with SACS and LRU not being affected by the cache pollution, unlike LFU.
In the evaluation, for each algorithm considered, we present the results obtained with this biased scenario against the regular scenario that starts with a clean cache.
Thus, in order to analyze the performance of the algorithms under a more dynamic setting, we ran our biased scenario, which pre-populates the cache with a set of infrequently accessed pages.
In case of biased scenario it is difficult for FF-RT to predict the biased success rate thus it should not be used for bias detection, while DNF-RT can detect biases in most cases except for the biases are approximate or equal to integer, which has the important benefit for early detection of potential threat to the position solution.
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Thus, there is a potential risk of biased scenarios if experts are inclined to give preference to well-known developments and to reject any that seem too unorthodox; or in other words: opinion leaders who try to dominate a scenario group are counterproductive [ 64].
In the case that both effects are in the same direction in the data, β1 is somewhat biased in scenario I and II, but not biased in scenario III, and γ1 is severely biased in scenario I and II.
However, this response variable underestimates host biases under the differential host bias scenario and is only indicative of host bias strength under the parallel host bias scenario.
Parameter estimation of known extinction rates (μ0 = 0.03, μ1 = 0.03) is more accurate under the 2× (low tip bias) scenario rather than the 40× (high tip bias) scenario where estimates of known extinction values are very poor.
In absence of bias (Scenario 1) the OR is 1.00, indicating no difference in intervention failures between test- and control group.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com