Additionally, some of the complex flight patterns that can arise at later times are shown to be compatible with the adoption of an optimal biased scale-free (Lévy-flight) searching strategy.
These include a possible taxonomic bias, time scale bias, collection bias, rock record bias, population bias, research effort bias, and taphonomic bias.
Valuations given on the VAS seem to be biased by scale recalibration.
Valuations given on the VAS seem biased by scale recalibration, although we need to remind the reader that the results are preliminary.
While it varies from place to place, in general enough of them are in the moderate-to-serious range on the bias scale to create this style of policing: a domineering, aggressive mode of enforcing the "respect" they think they need to maintain control.
Studies were assessed using the Downs and Black Scale risk of bias scale.
The risk of bias scale was developed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias [ 17].
Coefficient alpha, the usual statistic used to estimate scale reliability, assumes that all items' factor loadings are identical, a restrictive assumption that biases scale reliability estimates [ 30].
Most of these instruments capture more discrete aspects of the concept as it is defined above, for example the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) [ 13] which measures beliefs about worries and intrusive thoughts and the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) [ 14], measuring cognitive biases.
The resulting less biased genome-scale network constructed for the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that the starvation pathway is a distinct subnetwork of autophagy and retrieved a more integrated network of unfolded protein response genes.
