Exact(15)
Therefore, the orbit distributions seen are biased relative to the true populations of orbits in space.
Residual inaccuracies of the calibration procedure or inadequacies that manifest themselves only in vivo lead to SUV values which might be systematically biased relative to the true values.
They also concluded that "research designs used in recent nonexperimental evaluations are not significantly biased relative to the benchmark of an experimental design" (p. 26).
Although the ideal RTF-based BM can perfectly suppress the target source, the produced noise estimate is still biased relative to the true noise components contained in the microphone signal.
The obtained noise estimate n ̂ is biased relative to the original noise components as (1) the noise estimate n ̂ is spectrally shaped by the BSS filters and (2) n ̂ is a sum of all the filtered interference and noise components.
On one hand, for purely technical reasons the in vitro activities may be biased relative to those actually occurring in vivo.
Similar(45)
Unlike the previous computational studies of the metazoan DSE cited above, our analysis explicitly includes characterization of the positioning biases relative to the 3'-processing site.
Temporal artery temperature was biased high relative to esophageal, by 0.074° C on average (P =.03; 95% confidence interval [0.010, 0.133]).
Oral temperature was biased high relative to esophageal temperature by 0.12° C on average (P =.0008; 95% confidence interval [0.061, 0.187]).
Furthermore, it is very unlikely to have biased the relative costs per pathogen.
Misclassification of the OM diagnosis could have biased our relative estimates toward the null.
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