Have a look at the John Oliver's (biased) explanation and point of view of native advertising here.
All decisions regarding eligibility criteria, search strategy, study selection, assessment of risk for bias, explanations for heterogeneity, data collection, and analysis were established a priori.
Cook calls this the 'liberal consensus gap.' Cultural filters can't explain it, because liberals are supposed to be on Team 'global warming is a problem caused by humans.' As the above figure indicates, the difference in perceived consensus between the left and right can be explained by Kahan's preferred cultural bias explanation, but the 'liberal consensus gap' can't.
If the cultural bias explanation were true, the best response for a policy maker willing to raise the labor market participation would be focusing on the borders: visas should be issued mainly to the nationalities that are more willing to participate in the labor market.
The assimilation bias explanation is a good deal more perplexing for scientists since it suggests that providing more information and evidence will make little or no difference (see an earlier post on this subject).
The mutation bias explanation is supported by the existence of directional nucleotide mutation pressure at the fourfold-degenerate third nucleotide sites (FD3rd) in codons [12] [14], and also by the duration of the single-stranded state of the 12 mt protein-coding genes (except for NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6) during replication [12].
The mutational bias explanation seems to be the case in G. gallus.
These findings are consistent with the indication bias explanation and suggest that the antidepressant diabetes association is spurious.
However, a purely mutational bias explanation for these repeated gene conversion events is unsatisfying for three reasons.
This is not easy to reconcile with the reporting bias explanation of male/female differences in condom use.
It is also not consistent with a dinucleotide-bias explanation, because the creation of new GC boxes only rarely led to an increase in CpG dinucleotides.
