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F0 values are obtained with the biased deviation values.
The biased deviation of the stimuli value (171.918) was divided by the biased deviation of the residual value (2.2666).
The biased deviation of the stimuli × observers row (0.3907668) was divided by the biased deviation of the residual value (2.2666).
There is no biased deviation in the sound power measurements with use of the intensity technique.
There is a "biased" deviation in the sound power measurements with use of a small measurement surface.
This biased deviation, however, can be reduced to within 0·25 (about 1 dB), when ISO 3745 is employed.
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Closed-form analytical expressions for performance metrics such as bias, deviation variance, and RMS of resubstitution and leave-one-out error estimators have been given in [9, 10].
Calculation of the mean bias deviation between the predicted and experimental data indicates agreement better than 0.45 °C for the dry bulb temperature and 1.1 °C for the mean radiant temperature.
Section 4 introduces performance metrics (i.e., bias, deviation variance, RMS) of a CoD estimator, and Section 5 presents an analytical formulation of exact performance metrics of the resubstitution and leave-one-out CoD estimators.
Hence, we are again faced with a trade-off between bias (deviation of PE(n train ) from PE(n)) and variance (the variability of the prediction error estimate, which must not be confused with the variance term (ave.var (ME )), when setting the number of test objects in the outer loop.
A negative correlation was documented between the extent of the bias deviation and the semantic distance.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com