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Hence, it is unlikely that the results have been biased by missing data.
However, the estimate of the relative contributions of substitution type and mismatch position should not be biased by missing data.
It is unlikely that the results were biased by missing data, as residential mobility and water type were reported with similar completeness for cases and controls.
Whether estimates are biased by missing data depends on the relationships between the chance of data being missing and the variables involved in the analysis.
The general similarity of findings across the 3 outcomes (which were available on slightly different groups) suggests that our associations are not markedly biased by missing data.
(2) To examine whether the association between the risk scores and frailty was biased by missing data, we imputed data for missing frailty status and individual CVD risk factors included in the risk scores.
Similar(51)
First, the data collection in retrospective studies may be biased and affected by missing data.
The results show that this replenishment method helps us to evaluate the influence of missing data and correct the bias caused by missing data.
In order to reduce the bias caused by missing data, we did not include any subjects who had one or more missing genotypes in generating the GRS.
There is also a possible bias introduced by missing data.
Use of multiple imputation allowed us to account for the potential bias caused by missing data.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com