Sentence examples for biased breeding from inspiring English sources

Biased breeding values may not impact the response to selection in the next generation, but they can impact the long-term response to selection when the value of the breeding value is proportional to the number of genetic contributions that each individual is allowed to make to the next generation.

For species especially threatened by climate change, such a biased breeding program may be preferable even if it results in a reduction in neutral genetic diversity.

How to correctly propagate information from genotyped to non-genotyped animals without overestimating reliabilities and without biasing breeding values remains an issue [ 4, 6].

However, when possible, captive breeding programs designed to produce individuals for release into the wild may benefit from biasing breeding toward individuals with traits likely to be favored in future conditions.

Additionally, females travel farther than males for reasons independent of body size, and the distribution of males during the breeding season is biased towards breeding ponds relative to the non-breeding season.

Estimated genetic correlations between a trait expressed in different environments were biased upwards and breeding values were more biased when genetic connectedness became poorer and herd composition more diverse.

Fitting a residual polygenic effect in the model resulted in less biased genome-enhanced breeding values and decreased the correlation between direct genomic values and estimated breeding values of sires in the reference population.

Thus, the suggestion that Y1 represents European aurochs and Y2 descendants of Near Eastern cattle is mainly based on the modern haplotype distribution and might be biased by historic breeding practices and genetic drift.

In the present study, the Nb/Nc ratio estimated using the demographic method changed from 0.82 to 0.31 when mature male parr were included in Nc, confirming that estimates of Nb/Nc in Atlantic salmon are biased when the breeding contribution of mature male parr is not taken into account (Palstra et al. 2009; Johnstone et al. 2013; Moore and Fraser 2013).

In MT, threshold for environmental induction of sex-bias decreased across breeding episodes in females that were followed throughout their lifetime, and by the third breeding episode a single critical temperature day during oogenesis was sufficient to exert a full response.

Overall, the orientation and enforcement of livestock policies are still biased in favour of sedentary cattle breeding, hence reinforcing sedentary herders' territories.